Write the characteristics of electromagnetic waves.

(N/A) The characteristics of electromagnetic waves are as follows:
$(1)$ In electromagnetic waves,the electric field and magnetic field are perpendicular to each other as well as perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
$(2)$ Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature. If a plane electromagnetic wave propagates in the $z$-direction,the electric field $E_{x}$ oscillates in the $x$-direction and the magnetic field $B_{y}$ oscillates in the $y$-direction. They vary according to a sine function.
$(3)$ The mathematical representation is:
$E_{x} = E_{0} \sin(kz - \omega t)$
$B_{y} = B_{0} \sin(kz - \omega t)$
Thus,$\vec{E} = E_{0} \sin(kz - \omega t) \hat{i}$ and $\vec{B} = B_{0} \sin(kz - \omega t) \hat{j}$.
$(4)$ The speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum is given by $c = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_{0} \epsilon_{0}}}$,where $c = \frac{\omega}{k}$.
$(5)$ Electromagnetic waves do not require any material medium for propagation; they can travel through a vacuum.